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Tennis Pattern Blocks

Posted on July 13, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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Frank Giampaolo

Pattern Blocks

Let’s go back in time. I was fresh out of School and wanted a career in coaching.

I drove to California as many do to seek the “Promised Land.” My goal was to track down Vic Braden, whom I watched on PBS television. The Vic Braden Tennis College was more of a tennis Mecca, a tennis Olympic village, than a typical tennis club. Inside the Coto De Caza gates were the state-of-the-art Research center, tennis classrooms, dedicated teaching courts, and the 18-lanes ball machines. I truly felt like I had found my tribe.

There were hundreds of tennis research projects, but I’ll review the Length of the Point Project for this piece. Juniors to adult recreation players to college and professional athletes took part in the study. Back in the 1980s, the average length of a singles point was 3.8 hits. Doubles was 2.9 hits.

In the 1990s, Computennis took it to the next level with very similar results. Today IBM Watson provides the statistics. Today’s stats also say that most points don’t last longer than four hits. So, what does that mean to you as a parent of an athlete desperately seeking an edge? If approximately 70% of all points end by the fourth hit, your athlete must drill in short, pattern play training blocks versus the typical endless grooving of groundstrokes. Now, I’m not saying consistency isn’t important. It is. But the question I’m posing is, “Consistency in what context?” Here are the pattern blocks I’ve been coaching since the 1980s.

Solution: Trade in grooving groundstrokes to pattern block repetition. You see, tennis points are won by inserting the correct protocols the millisecond demands.

I recommend modeling a private lesson in this format:

  • Take a two-hour lesson to replicate the length of a difficult match.
  • Arrive ten minutes early and do a quality dynamic stretching warm-up, mental rehearsals of top patterns, and upper body band work.
  • Thirty minutes -Rehearse the serve+2 quick stroke patterns. Typically- hunting forehands.
  • Thirty minutes – Rehearse the return of serve +1 patterns off both first and second serves. Typically- hunting forehands.
  • Twenty minutes – Rehearse, hitting deep groundstrokes receiving, and delivering on the run.
  • Twenty minutes– Rehearse short ball options (Approach, crush it, swing volley, drop shots and transition volleys).
  • Twenty minutes – While the athlete is doing their static stretching routines, do a lesson review. Ask the coach if it’s okay to record the review on your athlete’s cell phone dictation app so they can commit the lesson to memory.

This private lesson format trains situational awareness and protocols, not just the strokes. For instance, offensive, neutral/building shot, and defensive situations.

Tennis Six Anticipatory Skills

Posted on July 10, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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Six Anticipatory Skills

Anticipatory skills are techniques advanced tennis players use to decrease the amount of time it takes them to respond to the structure of a point. Anticipation relies on conditional awareness, broad vision, mental processing speed, score management, ball-tracking ability, and spotting tendencies, to name a few. Anticipating a competitive event begins with how well the athlete has prepared for pressure. Preparation includes the physical, mental, and emotional demands of training to compete at one’s peak performance level for approximately twelve to fifteen sets in a three-day event.

These awareness skills fall into the athlete’s software development.

Solution: The following are advanced concepts, so start “planting the seeds” of anticipation by discussing:

  • Broad vision clues include where the ball will land in the opponent’s court, the opponent’s intentions based on their court position and strike zone, and the opponent’s swing speed and swing length. All these millisecond clues tell a story that advanced players size up each time the ball crosses the net.
  • Mental processing speed involves self-awareness (recognizing the quality of their shots, what’s working -what’s not working) and opponent awareness (recognizing the quality of their opponent’s shots – what’s working and what’s not working).
  • Score management relates to knowing when to play bold or grind based on the score. There are both positive and negative game points. Consider the scoring situation and the observations of both self and opponent awareness when managing the correct play, depending on the score situation.
  • Ball tracking ability relates to the ball’s speed, spins, and trajectories. Athletes need to anticipate the incoming ball’s flight path and depth. Athletes move and space properly and decide on the correct swing length, adjusting their swing path and speed based on their ball-tracking skills.
  • Spotting tendencies relate to both your athlete and their opponent’s shot choices. Recognizing the opponent’s style of play, their favorite patterns, their strengths and weaknesses in strokes, and court coverage would all assist in anticipating their possible future tactical choices. Paying attention to how the opponent anticipates your athlete’s game plan and manages the score also plays a vital role in your athlete’s anticipatory skill sets.


If you’re thinking, “Wow, this could take a while,” You’re right. Plan weekly classroom sessions with a high IQ coach to discuss these advanced software skills.

Tennis Kobe’s Approach

Posted on July 7, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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Kobe’s Approach

I’m from Southern California. I’m not necessarily a Lakers basketball fanatic, but I was a huge Kobe fan. As a lifelong student of high-performance sports, I was fascinated by his approach to greatness. He realized that you need a different approach than the rest to become the best. His developmental plan was very detailed, and his pre-game preparation was exceptional. His self-awareness and opponent awareness were insane. He studied his past game videos and future opponents’ game day tapes. The extra work he put into his job outside the team’s regular training was sheer discipline.

Solution: Apply Kobe’s discipline to your athlete’s developmental blueprint. He called it the “Mamba Mentality.” He said it’s all about focusing on the process and trusting in the hard work when it matters most. His Five Pillars of the Mamba Mentality:

  1. Resilience
  2. Fearlessness
  3. Obsessiveness
  4. Relentlessness
  5. Passion

His above five pillars are more about strong character traits than lessons in the fundamentals of basketball. He states that hard work outweighs talent every time. Kobe said, “Mamba mentality is about 4 a.m. workouts and always doing more than the next guy.” Can your tennis athlete learn from a master in another sport? I think so!

As you know, tennis isn’t an easy game to play. It is even harder to master. Without the help of a well-educated tennis parent like you, your athlete has very little chance.

Tennis Training Anticipation

Posted on July 3, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

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Training Anticipation

Competitive tennis is a violent game of keep away, not catch. Plan on each match being a 2-hour dog fight and plan on multiple matches daily on tournament days.

Yes, your athlete’s legs and lungs need to be at their peak performance level but preparing your athlete includes more than cardio endurance, speed, and agility. Factor into the equation anticipatory speed. This hidden skill set holds many benefits. Anticipation assists your athlete with their ability to quickly and accurately predict the outcome of actions even before that action occurs.

Roger Federer rarely appears hurried when executing strokes. The high-speed film confirms that he reacts and moves earlier than most competitors. His ability to apply agility and stability with his body and head through the strike zone is legendary. His early detection is essential for delivering and receiving on the run. So, how do top players like Federer do it?

Solution: Professionals acquire knowledge of their opponent’s favorite sequence of shots in particular circumstances. Athletes at the higher level all have preferred options of plays and patterns. They use pre-match video analysis and scouting reports to predict performance. If your athlete is preparing to play in the high-performance arena, I suggest uncovering ways to develop this incredible, secret skill set of predicting possibilities.

When my daughter played her first 14’s finals in the Hard Courts in Georgia, six fathers of her competitors videotaped her performance as a future scouting report. Yes, acquiring knowledge about opponents starts early.

Tennis Cognitive Ease

Posted on June 23, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

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Frank Giampaolo

Cognitive Ease

As humans, the more we see, feel or repeat something, the more we view it as correct. By repeating anything over and over, it gets easier to accept. Being familiar feels good, even when it isn’t good for maximizing tennis potential at the quickest rate. A teaching myth dispelled decades ago was the saying, “Practice makes perfect.” Now we know that practice doesn’t necessarily make perfect. Practice makes permanent.

For example, Mr. Jeffry books the club’s ball machine weekly. He unknowingly solidifies his biomechanically flawed backhand over and over again. While Mr. Jeffry is getting a cardio workout, his practice is not correcting the defect. It is systematically ingraining the deficient backhand. To him, what he repeats feels like an improvement. As some readers know, repetition, even bad reps, starts to feel comfortable. It’s cognitive ease.

Solution: So, what stunts cognitive ease? It’s tackling anything unknown. This threat causes cognitive (mental) strain. Athletes looking to improve need this uncomfortable strain. Practicing what you’ve not already mastered is essential for growth. As I’ve mentioned, it is exposure to improving the weakness, not avoiding the weakness, that matters.

Tennis Intelligence

Posted on June 21, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

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Modern Intelligence

High-performance tennis success stems from the ability to pay attention to and respond to match dynamics. The same holds true for intelligence. Smart used to be one’s ability to memorize information. Nowadays, everyone has this covered. Athletes with cell phones have instant access to all the information they desire.

Modern intelligence now comes in the form of mental and emotional warfare. Does your athlete have the following mental tools developed in their tool belt?

Solution: Modern intelligence is:

  • Situational Awareness
  • Filtering Information
  • Troubleshooting Ability
  • Clarity of Goals
  • Preset Protocols to Handle Problems
  • Having Multiple Game Plans
  • Ability to Identify Inefficient Training Protocols

The good news is that modern intelligence is a choice and skill worth developing.

Training Tennis Anticipation

Posted on June 16, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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Training Anticipation

Competitive tennis is a violent game of keep away, not catch. Plan on each match being a 2-hour dog fight and plan on multiple matches daily on tournament days.

Yes, your athlete’s legs and lungs need to be at their peak performance level but preparing your athlete includes more than cardio endurance, speed, and agility. Factor into the equation anticipatory speed. This hidden skill set holds many benefits. Anticipation assists your athlete with their ability to quickly and accurately predict the outcome of actions even before that action occurs.

Roger Federer rarely appears hurried when executing strokes. The high-speed film confirms that he reacts and moves earlier than most competitors. His ability to apply agility and stability with his body and head through the strike zone is legendary. His early detection is essential for delivering and receiving on the run. So, how do top players like Federer do it?

Solution: Professionals acquire knowledge of their opponent’s favorite sequence of shots in particular circumstances. Athletes at the higher level all have preferred options of plays and patterns. They use pre-match video analysis and scouting reports to predict performance. If your athlete is preparing to play in the high-performance arena, I suggest uncovering ways to develop this incredible, secret skill set of predicting possibilities.

When my daughter played her first 14’s finals in the Hard Courts in Georgia, six fathers of her competitors videotaped her performance as a future scouting report. Yes, acquiring knowledge about opponents starts early.

Tennis-The Secret of Pattern Recognition

Posted on June 12, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential, The Psychology of Tennis Parenting

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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The Secret of Pattern Recognition

Bill thinks he’s pretty good. He has the club pro feed him balls weekly, polishing up his strokes. He grooves with the other 3.5-level guys in the Thursday night men’s clinic and hits the gym a few times a week. Bill is now at a charity tennis event. He stands to receive serve against a world-class ATP Professional. Even though he’s been playing for decades, to him, returning a 130mph serve seems impossible. Decision-making abilities at that speed appear to be superhuman.

At the professional level, the receiver has milliseconds to decide how they will return a 130 mph serve. The truth is that experienced professional athletes have  an extensive database stored in their subconscious minds of past opponents’ specific types of deliveries. They’ve played thousands of points, and their brain picks up patterns of successful and unsuccessful choices.

Solution: What makes tennis professionals exceptional is that they’ve seen thousands of 130 mph serves, thousands of points, and hundreds upon hundreds of matches. After so much experience in live-ball point play, they can chunk patterns. Chunking is the term for seeing individual patterns, which are the opponent’s most likely stroke options and pattern probabilities.

The secret expertise that only comes from live-ball point play is recognition. Recognition leads to chunking data into the subconscious and later applied through intuition. It is the same in almost every field; past experiences lead to quicker recognition of high-percentage replies and options. So, if you’re looking to help your athlete improve their mental game, replace grooving strokes with live-ball decision-making exercises and match play.

Tennis Rudimentary Anticipation

Posted on June 8, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

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Rudimentary Anticipation

Anticipatory speed is one of the mental components that we need to teach much earlier. Anticipation is linked to cause and effect. It is based on the understanding that each shot hit in a match has finite responses from the opponent across the net. Experience gives athletes feedback, and the athletes who pay attention mentally log those responses. The mentally tough players log their winning and losing trends into their memory, which they use to anticipate where the ball will likely be in the future.

The more matches your athlete plays, the more they can apply subconscious programming. Because there are only milliseconds between shots in tennis, our athletes need recognition by intuition. There isn’t sufficient time to analyze the situation and set the proper shot selections and motor programs into play. Athletes build memory logs of data and feedback. Once the experience of going through similar events takes place, anticipation is applied.

Solution: Parents and coaches would be wise to start to develop their young athlete’s anticipatory skills at an early age with this rudimentary three-step process. (Examples are assuming both athletes are right-handed)

  • Returning Serves: Be mindful of the opponent’s ball toss. When they toss out in front to the right, the serve is most likely to go to your athlete’s right, which is their forehand. If the opponent tosses back over their head, to their left, it’s most likely going to your athlete’s backhand.
  • Rallies: Pay close attention to the opponent’s strike zone. A waste-level ball is typically hit with an offensive drive. A low, sock-level strike zone is often a slice reply. A head-level strike zone stroke usually falls short.
  • Volleys: Be aware that a high, shoulder-level volley is typically hit with pace and cross-court. An opponent’s low volley is usually a drop volley.
  • Identify Offensive, Neutral and Defensive Situations: Opponents who commit fewer unforced errors play high-percentage tennis. They do this by understanding zonal tennis and attempting to hit the shot the moment demands.

Once these foundational anticipatory clues are established, ask your athlete to log match clues between point routines and changeover rituals.

Run Toward the Fire

Posted on May 29, 2023 by in Maximizing Tennis Potential

The Psychology of Tennis Parenting
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Run Toward the Fire

Tennis players that rise to the occasion in those pressure-packed finals have courage and confidence in themselves and their training. These athletes tackle problems head-on and cope with the hardships of the sport in an unstressed fashion. Developing mental and emotional strength is essential for long-term tennis goals. Share with your athlete this analogy.

Ask them to think of themselves as a firefighter. Firefighters walk into the fire versus running away from it. Regarding your athlete’s fears, I recommend asking them to do the same. It’s human nature to avoid scary situations, so you’ll have to show your athlete how to face fears. If your child avoids difficult moments like closing out a set versus a better player, they’ll crumble in those moments unless they are trained to regulate their emotional state. Does this require exposure to the stressor or avoidance?

Solution: Athletes who thrive under pressure replace their mechanical thoughts like how they are hitting their forehand, backhand, serve and volley with focusing on emotional essentials such as managing momentum, maintaining intensity, focusing on the here and now, and retaining their positive mindset.

While solid strokes get the athlete into the events, the additional software skills enable them to hold up another trophy.